變(bian)形測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)形態(tai)、大小、位置等進(jin)行(xing)(xing)精(jing)細化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)。基(ji)于(yu)(yu)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)策略(lve)與精(jing)度需求，變(bian)形測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可被劃分為多種(zhong)類型。靜態(tai)水準測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)主流(liu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法，特(te)別適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)地(di)表高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)變(bian)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)，觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)均(jun)(jun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)心參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，它表示在(zai)(zai)靜態(tai)水準測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)獲(huo)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水準點(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，或者相(xiang)鄰觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)間斷面高(gao)(gao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等效相(xiang)對(dui)均(jun)(jun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)能夠有效地(di)反映測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性和精(jing)確(que)度。電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)波測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)距三角高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)另一(yi)種(zhong)普遍(bian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法，此方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法主要(yao)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)波的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳播屬性來測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)變(bian)化。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法中(zhong)(zhong)，觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)均(jun)(jun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)同樣是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)關鍵參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)評(ping)估(gu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)確(que)性和可靠性。除了高(gao)(gao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)外(wai)，觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)確(que)性在(zai)(zai)變(bian)形測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)扮演(yan)著關鍵角色。觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)獲(huo)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)精(jing)確(que)度評(ping)估(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，包括坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、相(xiang)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)基(ji)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)等效觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)均(jun)(jun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，以(yi)(yi)及建筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)或構件相(xiang)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)底(di)部(bu)固定點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)位移分量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。這(zhe)些參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)共(gong)同提(ti)供(gong)了對(dui)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結果準確(que)性和穩定性的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)反映。觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)通過計算(suan)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)根(gen)并(bing)乘以(yi)(yi)√2得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)評(ping)估(gu)整體(ti)(ti)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)精(jing)度具有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)考價值(zhi)(zhi)。光(guang)學(xue)非接觸應(ying)變(bian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可遠程(cheng)、高(gao)(gao)精(jing)度地(di)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)小形變(bian)，避免了對(dui)被測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾。廣西三維全(quan)場非接觸式應(ying)變(bian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)

應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)是工(gong)(gong)程和(he)(he)科學(xue)(xue)領域(yu)中(zhong)不可(ke)或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一部分，而(er)(er)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)則(ze)是較常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)具之一。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)傳感器能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)精(jing)確地(di)捕捉物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，其工(gong)(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)是電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)比關系。在眾多(duo)類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)中(zhong)，粘貼(tie)式金(jin)屬(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)因其可(ke)靠(kao)性和(he)(he)易用(yong)(yong)(yong)性而(er)(er)備受青(qing)睞。粘貼(tie)式金(jin)屬(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心部分是由(you)細金(jin)屬(shu)絲或(huo)金(jin)屬(shu)箔構(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格網。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)使得金(jin)屬(shu)絲或(huo)箔在平行于應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)方(fang)向時能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)承受更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。格網通(tong)過基(ji)底與(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)試樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)連，從而(er)(er)確保(bao)(bao)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)所受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有效地(di)傳遞到應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)上，進而(er)(er)引起電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。評價應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個關鍵參數(shu)是應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)靈敏(min)度，我們通(tong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)因子(GF)來衡量(liang)。這(zhe)(zhe)個參數(shu)反映了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)長度變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)或(huo)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比率(lv)，GF值越大(da)，意味著應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)對(dui)(dui)于應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)越敏(min)銳。除了(le)(le)傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸式測(ce)(ce)量(liang)方(fang)法，現(xian)代技術還(huan)提供(gong)了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)非(fei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)性。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法巧(qiao)妙地(di)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)原(yuan)理(li)，無需直接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸測(ce)(ce)試樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)即(ji)可(ke)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)其應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。由(you)于避免了(le)(le)與(yu)(yu)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法可(ke)以很大(da)程度減少對(dui)(dui)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾。通(tong)過使用(yong)(yong)(yong)如光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵、激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)干(gan)涉儀(yi)等先進設(she)備，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)非(fei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)技術能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實現(xian)高(gao)精(jing)度、高(gao)效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。重慶(qing)哪里(li)有賣(mai)數(shu)字(zi)圖(tu)像(xiang)相(xiang)關非(fei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)系統(tong)(tong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)非(fei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于對(dui)(dui)被測(ce)(ce)物體要求非(fei)破(po)壞性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，如珍貴文(wen)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)生物組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。

光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)非(fei)接觸應(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)量技術是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)，它運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)理論來(lai)捕捉物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)應(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)情況。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，全息(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)被(bei)普遍(bian)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)方法(fa)(fa)充分(fen)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)了(le)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)性(xing)和(he)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)效應(ying)，從而將物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)應(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)數(shu)據轉化為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)模式。全息(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)實(shi)施步驟如(ru)下：首先，在物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)涂上一(yi)(yi)層光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏材料(liao)，例如(ru)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)致(zhi)折射(she)(she)率(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化材料(liao)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)材料(liao)具有(you)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)特(te)(te)性(xing)，即(ji)在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照射(she)(she)下其(qi)(qi)折射(she)(she)率(lv)會發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化。然后(hou)，利用(yong)(yong)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器(qi)發(fa)(fa)射(she)(she)出相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，照射(she)(she)在物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)。當光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線接觸物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)時，會發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)折射(she)(she)、反射(she)(she)等現象，導致(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化。這(zhe)些相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化被(bei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏材料(liao)記(ji)錄。隨著光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)照射(she)(she)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏材料(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)分(fen)子結構發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，從而改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)其(qi)(qi)折射(she)(she)率(lv)，導致(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化。之后(hou)，使用(yong)(yong)參考光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束與(yu)經過物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束進行干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)。參考光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束是(shi)從激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器(qi)中(zhong)分(fen)出來(lai)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)束光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，其(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)保(bao)持(chi)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強分(fen)布會被(bei)記(ji)錄下來(lai)，形成一(yi)(yi)個干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)圖(tu)樣。分(fen)析干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)圖(tu)樣的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，就能(neng)得到物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)應(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信息(xi)(xi)。全息(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)接觸測(ce)量方法(fa)(fa)，無需直接接觸物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)，因此可以避免對物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)造(zao)成損傷(shang)。同時，由于(yu)充分(fen)利用(yong)(yong)了(le)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)性(xing)，全息(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較高的(de)(de)測(ce)量精度和(he)靈敏度。這(zhe)使得全息(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)在科研和(he)工程領域中(zhong)具有(you)普遍(bian)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)前景。

光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)高(gao)科技(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非接觸(chu)式測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)術(shu)，它通過(guo)(guo)準確地(di)捕捉材料(liao)(liao)在受力(li)(li)(li)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，以(yi)揭示其(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)情(qing)況。這(zhe)種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)范(fan)圍普遍，無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、塑料(liao)(liao)、陶瓷還(huan)是(shi)(shi)復合材料(liao)(liao)，都可以(yi)通過(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)行深(shen)入研究(jiu)。在金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)材料(liao)(liao)領域，光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)尤為(wei)突出(chu)。金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)材料(liao)(liao)通常具有出(chu)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)反射(she)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)為(wei)通過(guo)(guo)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反射(she)或透射(she)來解(jie)(jie)析(xi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信(xin)息提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)便利。利用(yong)這(zhe)一技(ji)術(shu)，我們可以(yi)深(shen)入探索金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，包括其(qi)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)模量(liang)(liang)、屈(qu)服(fu)強(qiang)度以(yi)及斷裂韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)等關鍵指標(biao)。這(zhe)為(wei)材料(liao)(liao)工程師提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)有力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工具，幫助他們更全部地(di)了(le)解(jie)(jie)金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能特點，從而作出(chu)更加(jia)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)選擇(ze)。此(ci)外(wai)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)還(huan)在研究(jiu)金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形行為(wei)方(fang)面發揮著重要(yao)作用(yong)。在金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)受力(li)(li)(li)發生塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中，光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)能夠實時跟蹤(zong)和記錄材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。這(zhe)為(wei)研究(jiu)人員深(shen)入解(jie)(jie)析(xi)金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)行為(wei)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形機制以(yi)及應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)集中等問題提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據支持(chi)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)可以(yi)間接推斷出(chu)物體內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)分布，為(wei)材料(liao)(liao)力(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能研究(jiu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)重要(yao)數(shu)據。

在進行(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)時(shi)，必須遵循一(yi)(yi)些基(ji)(ji)本(ben)要(yao)求以(yi)(yi)確(que)保測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。對于(yu)(yu)大(da)型或(huo)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)構(gou)筑(zhu)物(wu)而(er)言，變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)至關重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務。因此，在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)階(jie)段就(jiu)應(ying)該考(kao)慮變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)，并在施工(gong)開(kai)始(shi)時(shi)進行(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)并確(que)保工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。在進行(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)時(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)設(she)置基(ji)(ji)準點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、工(gong)作(zuo)基(ji)(ji)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。基(ji)(ji)準點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參考(kao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)確(que)定(ding)(ding)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參考(kao)框架。工(gong)作(zuo)基(ji)(ji)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)則是(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)確(que)定(ding)(ding)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)準確(que)地監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。而(er)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)則是(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這些點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置應(ying)該根據具體情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進行(xing)(xing)規劃和(he)(he)(he)設(she)計(ji)。為了保證變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)可比性(xing)(xing)(xing)，每次(ci)(ci)進行(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)時(shi)應(ying)遵循一(yi)(yi)些基(ji)(ji)本(ben)要(yao)求。首先，應(ying)采用(yong)(yong)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)方法(fa)，以(yi)(yi)確(que)保測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)致性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)可比性(xing)(xing)(xing)。其次(ci)(ci)，應(ying)使用(yong)(yong)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)儀(yi)器和(he)(he)(he)設(she)備(bei)進行(xing)(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，以(yi)(yi)避(bi)免不(bu)同(tong)設(she)備(bei)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤差。較后，在基(ji)(ji)本(ben)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境和(he)(he)(he)條件下，應(ying)由固(gu)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)人員(yuan)進行(xing)(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，以(yi)(yi)減少(shao)人為因素對測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。總(zong)之，變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務，需(xu)要(yao)嚴格遵循一(yi)(yi)些基(ji)(ji)本(ben)要(yao)求來(lai)確(que)保測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。只(zhi)有(you)這樣，才能及(ji)(ji)時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)構(gou)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，確(que)保工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。光學非接觸應(ying)變(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)利用(yong)(yong)激光散斑(ban)術和(he)(he)(he)數字(zi)圖像(xiang)相關術，無(wu)需(xu)接觸被測(ce)(ce)(ce)物(wu)體即(ji)可獲取應(ying)變(bian)(bian)信息(xi)。新疆三維全場數字(zi)圖像(xiang)相關應(ying)變(bian)(bian)系(xi)統

光(guang)學(xue)非(fei)接觸應(ying)變(bian)測量(liang)可以應(ying)用于動態應(ying)變(bian)監測，如材料的(de)疲(pi)勞壽命測試和結構的(de)振(zhen)動分析。廣西三(san)維全場非(fei)接觸式應(ying)變(bian)測量(liang)

光學應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)相較于其他應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)方式(shi)(shi)，展現出(chu)諸多(duo)優越性(xing)(xing)。首先，它實(shi)(shi)現了(le)非(fei)接(jie)觸測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。與電阻(zu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)片或(huo)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計等傳(chuan)統(tong)方法(fa)相比，光學應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不需直(zhi)接(jie)觸碰被測(ce)(ce)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，從(cong)而避(bi)免(mian)了(le)傳(chuan)感器和(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體間(jian)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)接(jie)觸，有(you)(you)(you)效降低了(le)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)誤(wu)差(cha)的(de)(de)風險。這種非(fei)接(jie)觸特性(xing)(xing)使得(de)該(gai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)特別(bie)適用(yong)于那些需要避(bi)免(mian)對被測(ce)(ce)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)造成破壞的(de)(de)場合，確保了(le)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體的(de)(de)完整性(xing)(xing)。其次，光學應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)表現出(chu)了(le)高精度和(he)(he)高靈敏(min)度。它能(neng)夠(gou)精確地捕捉(zhuo)到物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體的(de)(de)微(wei)小形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，實(shi)(shi)現對微(wei)小應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)，從(cong)而提(ti)(ti)供更為準確的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)結果。相較于傳(chuan)統(tong)方法(fa)，光學應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)精度和(he)(he)靈敏(min)度上(shang)都有(you)(you)(you)著明顯的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升，這為工程師(shi)們提(ti)(ti)供了(le)更為詳盡(jin)的(de)(de)材料(liao)或(huo)結構(gou)受力(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)數(shu)據。再者(zhe)，光學應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)還(huan)具有(you)(you)(you)快速(su)(su)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反饋的(de)(de)特點。它能(neng)夠(gou)迅(xun)速(su)(su)地獲取被測(ce)(ce)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信息，在(zai)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)內完成大量(liang)(liang)(liang)數(shu)據的(de)(de)采集(ji)和(he)(he)處理(li)(li)。這種快速(su)(su)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反饋的(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)使得(de)光學應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)需要迅(xun)速(su)(su)反饋和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)監測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)工程領(ling)域具有(you)(you)(you)不可估量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)價值。廣西三維全場非(fei)接(jie)觸式(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)